Capital Punishment Is A Form Of Torture - 971 Words

Capital punishment is nothing new; executions have taken place for centuries. Capital punishment is utilized throughout the world. Thirty-six countries currently use the death penalty in law and practice. One hundred and three countries have abolished the death penalty completely. Whereas, six countries currently retain the death penalty for special circumstances, such as war crimes (CIA World Factbook). Whether capital punishment is an effective measure to curb future violent crimes is still debated. Another argument is whether capital punishment is justice or a form of torture. Capital punishment serves a much-needed purpose, it gives the victims and their families a voice, and a platform to spread awareness about capital crimes and the power to feel that justice is served. People who oppose capital punishment claim that its use is ineffective in deterring other violent crimes. Statistics shows that in the United States the death penalty isn’t effective in deterring murder. However, in countries where the death penalty is used more efficiently, than in the United States, the death penalty is effective. Crimes such as murder and treason are nearly non-existent in countries that effectively use the death penalty as punishment for those crimes. Another argument why capital punishment is not needed is the cost associated with it. Objectors claim that the cost of execution is too high, and that it is more cost effective to keep criminals in prisons. A third argument is thatShow MoreRelatedCrime and Punishment in Elizabethan England788 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the Elizabethan Era, crime and punishment was a brutal source of punishments towards criminals. The term â€Å"crime and punishment† was a series of punishments and penalties the gove rnment gave towards the people who broke the laws. In William Harrison’s article â€Å"Crime and Punishment in Elizabethan England†, says that â€Å"the concept of incarcerating a person as punishment for a crime was a relatively novel at the time† (1). This seemed reasonable at the time, because back then they didn’t sentenceRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Capital Punishment1689 Words   |  7 Pages Abstract Capital punishment is the execution of criminals for the crimes they committed. This paper explores three reasons as to why capital punishment is wrong and should be abolished. One downfall to capital punishment includes the risk of taking an innocent life such as Cameron Todd Willingham who was wrongfully convicted in 1992 and executed in 2004. There is also a risk of having a botched execution. A mistake might be made during the procedure, making it long and painful for the prisonersRead MoreDiscipline and Punish the Birth of Prsions1071 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Discipline and Punish the Birth of Prisons† goes beyond the walls of the prison system. Foucault gives a detailed description of the transition of discipline and punishment beginning in the seventeenth century. Foucault begins with insight into the tortures forms of punishment common in the seventeenth century. The torture involved prisoners being placed on a scaffold while holding a two pound torch of burning wa x. There the flesh would be torn from their body with hot pincers before their bodiesRead MoreBeccaria s Of Crimes And Punishment1317 Words   |  6 Pagessummary of Cesare Beccaria’s ‘of crimes and punishment’ was best said in a statement by Beccaria himself which was ‘In order that any punishment should not be an act of violence committed by one person or many against a private citizen, it is essential that it should be public, prompt, necessary, the minimum possible under the given circumstances, proportionate to the crimes, and established by law. (Beccaria, C. 2003 pg. 24) Beccaria’s theory was that punishment should only be used to prevent an offenderRead MoreThe Death Penalty Throughout History1074 Words   |  5 Pagesthroughout history. It begins with a brief explanation of the origins of capital punishment, referencing the first known documentation of actions punishable by death. 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In recent centuries, societies have tended toward more humane acts of capital punishment, compared to that of before where often a man would be tortured or disgraced before executions were at end. Society hasRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Inhumane1441 Words   |  6 Pagescannot be erased by more killing, and the death system prolongs the suffering of victims’ families. It inflicts more pain on families of those on death row, and it is inefficient as it has never shown that it deters crimes more effectively than other punishment,† says the coalition. There are several methods used to carry out the executions ranging from stoning, beheading, and executing by rope, lethal injection, electrocuting, shooting and all you can think of. However, executions, regardless of theRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is A Form Of Cruel And Unusual Punishment1421 Words   |  6 Pagesconsidered a form of cruel and unusual punishment; others may rebuttal in saying that the death penalty is capital punishment. When visiting the idea of placing someone to death one must bear in mind the possibility of condemning an innocent person through such torture, the brutalizing effect on society it may leave, and the serious psychological trauma that a defendants family and friends may face. Is this really what the justice system is willing to place on the line in order to gain a form of so calledRead MoreEssay on Capital Punishment in the United States 598 Words   |  3 Pagesimprovement must be done. The death penalty needs to be legal in every state. Capital pu nishment is the lawful infliction of death as a punishment and has been used in America since 1608. The death penalty has been mainly aimed at murder and rape perpetrators. For the past two hundred years with over 15,600 executions since 1608, most executions were completed though hangings; however, beginning in the 1900s new forms of execution developed. Although the death penalty is said to be more expensive

Obeservational and Sampling in Traditional and Cultural...

Sir Davi Mbelu University of Phoenix Introduction In this paper attempt shall be made to compare multicultural and traditional psychology research methods with a view to examining observation and sampling as the variables of interest. However, these variables of interest shall be assessed in respect of how they are applied in cultural and traditional psychological research. In addition, the fundamental problems that may be encountered by the researchers during the implementation of the observation and sampling in cultural and traditional psychological research setting shall be addressed. The major aim of observational methods as observed by†¦show more content†¦Researchers tend to choose intervention approach to apply in natural setting through three major methods, including participation observation, structured observation, and the field experiment; however, the extent and nature of intervention differs across these three approaches (Shaughnessy, 2003 p. 91). Participant observation is employed into major ways, which includes disguised, or undisguised. Once too often, researchers use undisguised participant observation for effective understanding or knowledge regarding the culture and behavior of group of people which most often applied by anthropologist (Levin, 1963). Moreso, the understanding that people do not behave normally as they should, if they are aware that their behavior is being observed, disguised participant observation is appropriately used. Much as participant observation be it either disguised or undisguised may allow an observer access to situations not ordinarily open to both traditional and multicultural research. It behooves an observer in employing these approaches to be mindful of possible loss of objectivity and unforeseen impacts the behavior under study may have on a participant observer. Structured observation is oftentimes employed to deal with the problem associated with using naturalistic observation

Apes Ch 3 Vocab free essay sample

Ecosystem- A particular location on Earth distinguished by its mix of interacting biotic and abiotic components. †¢ Producers/ Autotrophs-organisms that use the energy of the Sun to produce usable forms of energy †¢ photosynthesis- the process by which producers use solar energy to convert CO2 and water into glucose. †¢ cellular respiration- the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water. Consumers/ Heterotrophs- An organism that must obtain its energy by consuming other organisms †¢ primary consumers-an individual incapable of photosynthesis; must obtain energy by consuming other organisms †¢ secondary consumers-a carnivore that eats primary consumers †¢ tertiary consumers-a carnivore that eats secondary consumers †¢ trophic levels-levels in yhe feeding structure of organisms. Higher trophic levels consume organisms from lower trophic levels †¢ food chain- The sequence of consumption from producers through tertiary consumers. †¢ food web- A complex model of energy and matter move between trophic levels. Scavengers-a carnivore that consumes dead animals †¢ Detritivores- an organism that specializes in breaking down dead tissues and waste products into smaller particles. We will write a custom essay sample on Apes Ch 3 Vocab or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page †¢ Decomposers- Fungi or bacteria that recycle nutrients from dead tissues and wastes back into the ecosystem. †¢ gross primary productivity (GPP)- The total amount of solar energy that producers in an ecosystem capture via photosynthesis over a given amount of time. †¢ net primary productivity (NPP)-the energy captured by producers in an ecosystem minusthe energy the producers respire †¢ Biomass- The total mass of living matter in a specific area.†¢ standing crop †¢ Ecological efficiency- The proportion of consumed energy †¢ trophic pyramid †¢ Biosphere- The region of our planet where life resides, the combination of all ecosystems on earth. †¢ biogeochemical cycles-The movements of matter within and between ecosystems. †¢ hydrologic cycle- The movement of water through the biosphere. †¢ Transpiration-the release of water from leaves during photosynthesis †¢ evapotranspiration- The combined amount of evaporation and transp iration. Runoff-water that moves across the land surface and into streams and rivers †¢ Macronutrients-the six key elements that organisms need in relatively large amounts: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur †¢ limiting nutrients-nutrients required for the growth of organisms but available in lower quantities than other nutrients †¢ nitrogen fixation-a process by which some organisms can convert nitrogen gas molecules directly into ammonia †¢ leaching-the transportation of dissolved molecules through the soil via groundwater †¢ disturbance- An event, caused by physical, chemical, or biological agents, resulting in population size or community composition. Watershed-all land in a given landscape that drains into a particular stream, river, lake or wetland †¢ Resistance measure of how much a disturbance can affect flows of energy and matter in an ecosystem †¢ Resiliencethe rate at which an ecosystem returns to its original state after a disturbance †¢ restoration ecologythe study and implementation of restoring damaged ecosystems †¢ intermediate disturbance hypothesis- The hypothesis that ecosystems experiencing intermediate levels of disturbance are more diverse than those with high or low disturbance levels. †¢ instrumental value- Something that has worth as an instrument or a tool that can be used to accomplish a goal †¢ intrinsic value- †¢ provisions-good that humans can use directly

Motivational Strategies of Microsoft Essay Example

Motivational Strategies of Microsoft Paper Introduction Microsoft has become one of the giants in the high tech field. Microsoft has become a household word which started in January of 1975 when Bill Gates, a sophomore at Harvard, starting writing software to enhance the use of personal computers. The company has grown from its humble beginnings to the software giant the company has now become. Microsoft uses employee empowerment, the company’s ability to foster teamwork, and creative incentives and rewards to motivate the company’s employees to be productive. Employee Empowerment Microsoft is a company well known for its innovation in software and technology. However, Microsoft is also a company that has remarkable innovation in regard to employee empowerment. Microsoft realizes that without its employees they are nothing and to keep these employees within the company, thinking up new ideas and creating revenue they need to feel empowered. Not only empowered but also a sense of trust in their management. Microsoft values their employees so much that they entrust recruitment of new employees to current employees. The mantra â€Å"Spread the Love,† which speaks to employees spreading the word about Microsoft, as well as the recruiting organization giving back to our employees to enable and recognize their ambassadorship† (McLeish, J. 2008). This speaks highly of both Microsoft employees and management. This statement, made by a Microsoft executive, lets it be known that they have an abundance of confidence in their employees so much so that they lo ok to them to recruit future employees. That is empowerment at its finest. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivational Strategies of Microsoft specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Motivational Strategies of Microsoft specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Motivational Strategies of Microsoft specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Letting ones employees know that they trust them to bring the best of the best to the company and shape the future of the company is a big responsibility and Microsoft does this willingly. The preceding example is only one way in which Microsoft empowers their employees. Microsoft knows that an empowered employee means an employee who is well taken care of and knows his or her value to the company. Microsoft takes this philosophy to the extreme with tremendous benefits and options for its employees. Microsoft has outstanding stock options for its employees. Nothing empowers employees more than owning part of what they are working for. This makes employees feel like they are not just putting forth all their energy for some top executives but themselves as well because they own part of the company. This also motivates them to work harder and be loyal to the company. Microsoft allows employees to buy from 1% to 15% of the employee’s after-tax salary to purchase Microsoft stock at a 10% discounted rate (Microsoft official webpage). Microsoft offers many other financial benefits to its employees however; the preceding example is the most relevant to employee empowerment. The company also offers an extensive medical package to its employees. Microsoft offers a web page to its employees so they may see all their current and past medical information. This web page puts the employees in real control of what is going on with their healthcare and expenses. The web page also offers a link to refill prescriptions. This is an important factor in employee empowerment because it let’s employees feel more secure about their and their families’ healthcare, which helps to empower them at work and in their daily life. In conjunction with this Microsoft also offers an employee 24-hour health help line and an employee assistance program, which offers counseling to its employees. Lastly, Microsoft offers excellent benefits for those employees with families or those who want to start a family. The company offers paid maternity leave, parental leave for fathers. Microsoft also offers dependent care flexible spending account, adoption assistance, childcare discounts, family care backup, and resource referral services. All these programs help employees believe that no matter the circumstance their company has a program or service to help them take care of their family and personal needs and this instills a real sense of empowerment. Not only do employees need to feel a real sense of empowerment from excellent benefit packages but also from trusting their management. Microsoft does this by providing every opportunity to all employees. The message that Microsoft sends to its employees is that they can trust that everything will be handled is the best way that they know how. Just reading all the options and benefits that are available to employees it becomes easy for one to see that Microsofts management cares about its employees. In a statement Microsoft states how important to them as a company that their employees are happy and well taken care of, this instills trust within the mployees to know they are cared for. â€Å"Microsoft benefits are generous and personalized, to give our employees the coverage they need to keep them healthy and happy (Microsoft official webpage). † It would be hard for an employee to not trust an employer who does care so much about their happiness not just at work but also at home. Microsoft knows that in order for employees to be successful at work they need to be more than just happy with their job, but rathe r with their lives and Microsoft helps their employees achieve that. Microsoft’s ability to foster teamwork Not only does the motivational strategy that is used by Microsoft put an emphasis on the empowerment of it’s employees, Microsoft has also found success with motivating employees by encouraging and implementing teamwork. A key ingredient to the continued success of Microsoft has been in the company’s ability to foster teamwork. Microsoft’s motivational strategy of fostering teamwork among its employees has produced a workplace that values the employee and recognizes the employee’s competency level and reliability. As stated in an article written by Steve McConnell, â€Å"Motivating yourself and other employees is part of the Microsoft corporate culture. Microsoft doesn’t have an explicit practice of asking team members to commit or â€Å"sign up† for a project, but it isn’t uncommon for an employee who expresses doubt about meeting a deadline to be asked whether he or she is signed up. Microsoft avoids the problem of phony-sounding management motivational speeches because as often as not, the question doesn’t come from a manager; it comes from the person who will have to do the work if the person in question doesn’t do it. (McConnell, 1996) Microsoft has strategically designed the workplace that makes every employee an important asset to the team process. Through the encouragement of teamwork Microsoft is able to influence the morale and motivational level of the employee by recognizing the skills, reliability, and level of competency each employee contribut es to the team concept. Unlike other companies that demand the presence of management with everything that goes on within the workplace, management at Microsoft recognizes the ability and competency of the employee and more often than not will allow the employee to make critical or key decisions. The recognition of the employee’s ability also provides the employee with an opportunity to learn and grow, two ingredients critical for morale and employee satisfaction. Employees at Microsoft also understand that the company trusts in the ability of the employee to perform. This trust between the company and the employee obligates the employee to perform at the highest level possible. The company of Microsoft also understands that as technology continues to advance the companies hugest asset, the employee, will help propel the company into the future to remain competitive and successful. As stated on the Microsoft home page, â€Å"At Microsoft, we’re motivated and inspired everyday by how our customers use of software to find creative solutions to business problems, develop break through ideas, and stay connected to what’s important to them. We are committed long term to the mission of helping our customers realize their full potential. Just as we constantly update and improve our products, we want to continually evolve our company to be in the best position to accelerate new technologies as they emerge and to better serve our customers. (Microsoft, 2008) By allowing the team to explore new ideas and improve the components on existing products the company is able to indirectly inspire the employee through creativity and vision. The company of Microsoft also will motivate the team member through accountability and reliability. Microsoft prides itself on the reliability of its product and similar to the company’s product dependability the company also stresses the importance of the reliability of its employee. This teamwork concept motivates the employee to contribute to the team process and suggest new ideas. Microsoft also understands that by encouraging teamwork within the workplace and among employees has a direct affect on morale and motivation as employee have a tendency to motivate one another to perform. Employees are motivated to perform understanding that in order for Microsoft to be profitable and successful every team member must put forth the maximum effort and contribute to the overall team process. As stated in an article by Charles Duncan, â€Å"Teamwork is often overlooked but is something which must be given a high priority and to which attention must be paid. Every member must understand the importance of working together in a unified and coherent manner if the effort is to be successful. Each member of the team must be dedicated to the whole, be willing to act in an unselfish manner, and committed to the success of the project. When challenges arise, as they most certainly always do, the team must have the resources, accountability, and commitment to deal with the issues in a constructive and positive manner. This philosophy of team work is essential and will play an integral role in the success of the project. (Duncan, 2007) Microsoft has been successful in recognizing the important role that each member plays to the team concept and shows the employee that the skills, ability, and level of performance that is brought to the workplace, on a daily basis, is critical to the efficiency and productivity of the company. Unbeknownst to the employee this concept of team benefits the company in several ways. Not only is the team concept cost ef fective for the company, Microsoft also uses this team concept as a motivational strategy to inspire and drive employees to perform at the highest level possible. Creativity with rewards and incentives Microsoft has a large amount of benefits and rewards for employees to keep them motivated and retain the brightest of the high tech industry. â€Å"The company has long touted its benefits package as the best in the high-tech industry, and most of the items on the long list ranging from the 401(k) matching program to full medical coverage to free health-club membership remain unchanged despite the latest adjustments. † (Bishop, 2004). The type of Extrinsic Motivation used at Microsoft keeps employees motivated. The benefits are different from rewards because every employee is given the benefits just for working at Microsoft. The benefits are to attach and retain a large pool of talented workers to the high tech company. Microsoft does not use just monetary rewards as a standard reward for hard work. They expand on every opportunity to go above and beyond to keep the employees motivated. â€Å"Money isnt the only way to motivate employees to work harder or smarter. Perhaps youve got a young parent working for you who could benefit from flexible hours or the opportunity to work from home one day a week. Maybe your salesperson has just put in a lot of long days to make a big deal happen and would prefer extra time off to a bonus. When you show youre willing to be flexible to meet your employees needs youll likely discover your employees will reward you† (Motivate Your Employees to Help You Succeed). Microsoft uses different extrinsic rewards based on the situation. The different needs of an employee can be used to motivate an employee on a case by case basis. The benefits Microsoft gives employees like flexible hours, paid healthcare, and free sodas have to be managed wisely. Microsoft has in the last few years slowed in revenue growth thus forcing Microsoft to cutback on the benefits employees receive. â€Å"Microsoft Corp. renowned for its industry-leading employee benefits, plans to scale back in some areas as part of a broader effort to cut costs and improve its profit margin even as revenue growth slows. Dont worry, the soft drinks in the break rooms are still free. But the company yesterday said it will reduce the discount employees receive when they buy Microsoft stock, shrink the window in whic h they can take their four weeks of paid parental leave, require a co-payment when they choose brand-name prescription drugs over approved generic equivalents and trim the vacation time received by new hires† (Bishop, 2004). The motivation of the decrease in benefits could work in two ways. The positive effect would the employees could cut cost as they can to increase operating cash flow or the employees become more productive. The negative affects can be employees leaving the company for a different job or the employees could become resentful toward the company. Conclusion In conclusion, Microsoft has different ways to motivate employees. Microsoft uses employee empowerment, the company’s ability to foster teamwork, and creative incentives and rewards to motivate the company’s employees to be productive. With the motivation factors listed, Microsoft has become one of the top high tech companies in the world today. â€Å"Bringing together the right information with the right people will dramatically improve a companys ability to develop and act on strategic business opportunities† (Gates). The right motivation given to the right people will improve a company too. Microsoft has found the motivation to keep some of the brightest employees in the high tech field though the use of extrinsic and intrinsic motivations. References Bishop, T. (2004, May 20). Microsoft Trims Benefits to Cut Costs. Retrieved April 26, 2008, from Seattlepi. com Web site: http://seattlepi. nwsource. com/business/174131_msftbenefit20. html Duncan, C. (2007, September 26). The Concept of Team in the Work Place. Retrieved April 27, 2008, from http://www. associatedcontent. com Gates, B. (n. d. ). Employee Quotations.. Retrieved April 28, 2008, from AfterQuotes Web site: http://www. afterquotes. com/great/quotes/employee. htm McConnell, S. (1996, September/October). Microsoft: A Highly Motivated Environment. Retrieved April 27, 2008, from http://stevemcconnell. com McLeish, J. (2008). Microsoft Leverages Engaged Employees to â€Å"Spread the Word†. Retrieved April 26, 2008, from, www. employeefactor. com. Microsoft (2008). Microsofts Business. Retrieved April 27, 2008, from http://www. microsoft. com Motivate Your Employees to Help You Succeed. (n. d. ). Retrieved April 26, 2008, from Microsoft Web site: http://www. microsoft. com/australia/smallbusiness/themes/build-your-business/motivate-your-employees-to-help-you-succeed. mspx